中國(guó)物流業(yè)發(fā)展飛快，低效率高成本頑疾如何治愈？
How can China's logistics industry develop rapidly?
曾幾何時(shí)，“低效率、高成本”是中國(guó)物流久治不愈的頑疾。今天，在一場(chǎng)被稱為“物流革命”的改革驅(qū)動(dòng)下，物流行業(yè)正在讓中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)變得更加亮眼。
Once upon a time, "low efficiency and high cost" is a stubborn disease of Chinese logistics. Today, driven by a reform known as the "logistics revolution," the logistics industry is making China's economy more visible.
中國(guó)物流業(yè)發(fā)展飛快
China's logistics industry is developing rapidly.
今年5月初，俄羅斯的娜塔莎女士在阿里巴巴國(guó)際版“速賣通”上買了一條裙子，5天后她就收到了商品。驚喜之余，她在商品評(píng)價(jià)中留言：“很滿意，物流速度超級(jí)快！”
In early May, Ms. Natasha of Russia bought a dress on Alibaba's International Express, and five days later she received it. In surprise, she left a message in the product evaluation: "very satisfied, the logistics speed is super fast!"
要知道，5年前，從中國(guó)寄往俄羅斯的包裹平均到達(dá)時(shí)間是60天。從60天到5天，12倍的提速背后，是中國(guó)物流正在進(jìn)行的一場(chǎng)革命。借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、人工智能、區(qū)塊鏈等技術(shù)，中國(guó)的物流行業(yè)正在發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化，阿里巴巴董事局主席馬云：“我們要打造國(guó)家智能物流骨干網(wǎng)，在國(guó)內(nèi)，做到任何一個(gè)地方24小時(shí)必達(dá)；在全球，要沿‘一帶一路’，打造全球72小時(shí)必達(dá)。這張網(wǎng)是屬于中國(guó)的，更是屬于世界的。”
You know, 5 years ago, the average time of arrival from China to Russia was 60 days. From 60 days to 5 days, behind the speed increase of 12 times, it is a revolution in China's logistics. With the help of Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Block Chain and other technologies, China's logistics industry is undergoing tremendous changes. Ma Yun, chairman of Alibaba Board of Directors, said: "We want to create a national intelligent logistics backbone network, in China, to achieve anywhere in the world, must be 24 hours; Along the "one belt and one road", it will create 72 hours in the world. This net belongs to China and belongs to the world. "
現(xiàn)在，來(lái)往于世界的每一份中國(guó)物流單上，記錄的是全新的“商品流”、“信息流”、“資金流”的“三流合一”，并不斷升級(jí)演化出“物流新物種”，織就了一張全球智慧物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
Now, every Chinese logistics sheet between the world records a new "merchandise flow", "information flow" and "capital flow" of the "three-in-one" and constantly upgrades and evolves into a "new species of logistics", weaving a global intelligent logistics network.
物流行業(yè)存在的問(wèn)題怎么解決？
How to solve the problems existing in the logistics industry?
雖然“天下武功，唯快不破”，但同時(shí)必須看到，我國(guó)物流“成本高、效率低”問(wèn)題仍然比較突出。今年以來(lái)，國(guó)家發(fā)改委會(huì)同相關(guān)部門，連續(xù)出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)政策，直指物流領(lǐng)域“簡(jiǎn)政、減稅、降費(fèi)”，包括降低交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)增值稅率、擴(kuò)大物流企業(yè)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)用地稅收優(yōu)惠范圍、對(duì)掛車減半征收車輛購(gòu)置稅、推動(dòng)取消高速公路省界收費(fèi)站等。
Although "the world martial arts, only fast not break", but we must also see that China's logistics "high cost, low efficiency" problem is still more prominent. Since this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, together with other relevant departments, has issued a number of policies directed at "simplifying administration, reducing taxes and reducing fees" in the field of logistics, including reducing the value-added tax rate of transportation, expanding the scope of preferential tax on storage land for logistics enterprises, reducing vehicle purchase tax by half on trailers, and promoting the abolition of provincial highway tolls. Wait.
效果如何，數(shù)字說(shuō)話。今年1-4月，社會(huì)物流總額的費(fèi)用比上年同期下降2.3%，運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用增速同比回落6.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
What's the result? From January to April this year, the total cost of social logistics fell by 2.3% compared with the same period last year, and the growth rate of transportation cost dropped by 6.3 percentage points.
城市配送初創(chuàng)公司叮咚快運(yùn)CEO祁萌：“降稅大概一到兩個(gè)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)展比較快，因此影響很明顯，一年能節(jié)省幾十到一百萬(wàn)元的優(yōu)惠幅度。”
CEO, Qi Meng, an urban distribution startups, "tax reduction is about one to two points. Because we are developing faster, the impact is obvious, and we can save a few dozen to one million yuan a year.
當(dāng)然，正如事物性質(zhì)的改變不能憑借單一要素的改變，物流降成本也不能單純依靠政府的減稅降費(fèi)，而需要系統(tǒng)性調(diào)整、全方位轉(zhuǎn)型，例如優(yōu)化物流運(yùn)行環(huán)境、開展物流創(chuàng)新試點(diǎn)示范、推動(dòng)智慧物流發(fā)展等。
Of course, just as the change of the nature of things can not rely on the change of a single factor, logistics cost reduction can not simply rely on government tax cuts, but need to be systematically adjusted, all-round transformation, such as optimizing the logistics operation environment, carrying out logistics innovation pilot demonstration, promoting the development of intelligent logistics.
商務(wù)部國(guó)際貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作研究院產(chǎn)業(yè)所副主任林夢(mèng)：“在硬件環(huán)境上，加強(qiáng)重要物流節(jié)點(diǎn)上的物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)；在軟件環(huán)境上，利用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)手段來(lái)提升便利化水平，推動(dòng)建設(shè)物流供需信息平臺(tái)，提高物流交易環(huán)節(jié)的效率來(lái)降低物流交易成本，還可以通過(guò)企業(yè)物流組織模式的創(chuàng)新來(lái)降低物流成本。”
Lin Meng, deputy director of the Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research, Ministry of Commerce, said: "In the hardware environment, we should strengthen the logistics infrastructure construction on important logistics nodes; in the software environment, we should use modern information technology to enhance the level of facilitation, promote the construction of logistics supply and demand information platform, and improve the effectiveness of logistics transaction links." Rate to reduce logistics transaction costs, but also through the innovation of enterprise logistics organization model to reduce logistics costs.
俯瞰華夏大地，疾馳的物流鏈猶如星云流動(dòng)，璀璨星光點(diǎn)亮的不僅是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，還寄托著物流改革者柔軟且溫暖的希望，那就是讓身處不同地方的人們，生活更加美好。
Looking down on the land of China, the fast-moving logistics chain is like a nebula flowing. The bright stars are not only the new growth point of China's economy, but also the soft and warm hope of logistics reformers, that is, to make life better for people in different places.
京東集團(tuán)董事局主席兼首席執(zhí)行官劉強(qiáng)東：“京東的目的是幫助農(nóng)村地區(qū)。農(nóng)民買工業(yè)品要付出的價(jià)格比富裕地區(qū)，比如比北京、上海還要貴30%以上，京東無(wú)人機(jī)投入之后第一次實(shí)現(xiàn)偏遠(yuǎn)、落后貧窮地區(qū)，享受和北京、上海同樣的產(chǎn)品、同樣的服務(wù)、同樣的公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村種的質(zhì)量特別好的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，也可以迅速賣到北京、上海。”
Liu Qiangdong, chairman and chief executive officer of Jingdong group, said: "the purpose of Jingdong is to help the rural areas. Farmers have to pay more than 30% more for industrial goods than rich areas, such as Beijing and Shanghai. For the first time since the launch of the Beijing-East UAV, remote and backward poor areas will enjoy the same products, services and fair competition as Beijing and Shanghai. The quality of agricultural products in remote rural areas can also be quickly sold to Beijing and Shanghai.
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